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Thanjavur Nayak kingdom
Thanjavur Nayak kingdom or Thanjavur Nayak dynasty were the rulers of Thanjavur principality of Tamil Nadu between the 16th to the 17th century. The Nayaks were appointed as provincial governors by the Vijayanagar Emperor who divided the Tamil country into three Nayakships viz., Madurai, Tanjore and Gingi.〔''Harmony of Religions: Vedānta Siddhānta Samarasam of Tāyumānavar'', Thomas Manninezhath〕 Thanjavur Nayaks were notable for their patronage of literature and the arts.〔(Thanjavur Nayak kings )〕〔(Tanjore History )〕〔
A translation from Sources (p. 284) on ''Raghunathabhyudayam'', says this about Timma, the father of Sevappa Nayak, the founder of the Tanjore Nayak line: ''In the Shudra caste born from the feet of Vishnu was born a king called Timma''.〔''Nayaks of Tanjore'', by V. Vriddhagirisan, p.26〕 The ''Mannaru'' (Vishnu) of the Mannargudi temple was their ''kula daivam'' (family deity).〔
==Origins of Nayak rule==
With the demise of the Chola dynasty in 1279, Thanjavur was ruled by various small chieftains, until the Vijayanagara Empire conquered all of south India by the late 14th century. The Vijayanagar rulers installed viceroys to rule over various parts of the empire. In 1532 CE, Achyuta Deva Raya, the brother and successor of Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagar granted Sevappa Nayak, the governor of Thanjavur, permission to establish a feudatory kingdom following his Southern Campaigns.
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